Increasing women’s presence in political decision-making positions has been advocated by development organisms, activists and academics as a means to strengthen democracy and to make policy-making processes more representative of wider sections of the population. The number of women represented in the political institutions of a given country is taken to provide a good indication of the health of its political system. There is strong evidence to suggest that the content of public policies changes when more women are incorporated into legislative spheres. Thus, increasing women’s presence in political decision-making positions is thought to have a democratizing function, improve political governance and lead to better representation of women’s interests.
Political institutions and institutional designs may either foster or hinder the advancement of gender policies. Political parties, in particular, play a central role here, given their role in the political socialization of citizens, recruitment and selection of candidates and development, coordination and representation of interests and ideological perspectives in political spheres. However, political parties are not gender neutral and they have not always been women-friendly, insofar as their internal rules and culture have tended not to favor women’s political participation. But parties’ responses to gender-related demands differ. Understanding what factors shape levels of parties’ commitment and responsiveness to gender initiatives is important in order to define constraints and opportunities for actions and to guide definitions of gender strategies. This is the central aim of this paper. Focusing on the context of Latin America, it intends to assert when and under what conditions political parties best respond to gender-related demands.
This report was prepared for the conference “Women in the Americas: Paths to Political Power” (2007).
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Despite making significant gains in government and politics, women continue to face structural barriers.
Despite taking significant steps towards a more gender-balanced political system –notably the recent adoption of female representation quotas— Colombia, like many other Latin American countries, continues to struggle with the legacies of pervasive social, economic and political inequality that disproportionately affect women. The study gauges the effect that campaign finance has for aspiring female leaders, and puts it in the context of broader social and cultural barriers that hinder women’s political activism throughout the region.
In this report, Joan Caivano from the Inter-American Dialogue and Jane Marcus-Delgado from CUNY analyze Latin American women’s advance into positions of leadership and then highlight areas where important obstacles remain.
